Glaucoma
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What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for healthy vision. This damage is often linked to increased pressure inside the eye, although glaucoma can also occur with normal eye pressure.
Glaucoma develops slowly and usually does not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages, which is why it is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight.”
Regular eye examinations are important for detecting glaucoma early and protecting long-term vision.
Why is Glaucoma Serious?
If left untreated, glaucoma can gradually damage the optic nerve and lead to permanent vision loss.
Vision loss from glaucoma typically begins with peripheral (side) vision, which many people may not notice until the disease has progressed.
Early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision damage.
Who is at Risk of Glaucoma?
Anyone can develop glaucoma, but certain factors may increase your risk:
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Age over 40
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Family history of glaucoma
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High eye pressure
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Diabetes or high blood pressure
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Long-term steroid medication use
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Previous eye injury
If you fall into any of these groups, regular eye examinations are especially important.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
Most types of glaucoma do not cause symptoms in the early stages.
As the condition progresses, some people may notice:
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Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
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Blurred vision
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Seeing halos around lights
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Eye pain or headaches (in certain types of glaucoma)
If you experience sudden eye pain or vision changes, seek professional advice immediately.
How is Glaucoma Detected?
During a comprehensive eye examination, your optometrist may perform several tests to check for signs of glaucoma, including:
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Eye pressure measurement (tonometry)
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Optic nerve assessment
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Visual field testing (peripheral vision test)
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Retinal imaging
These tests allow early detection before noticeable vision loss occurs.
How is Glaucoma Treated?
While glaucoma cannot be cured, treatment can help slow its progression and protect vision.
Treatment options may include:
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Prescription eye drops to lower eye pressure
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Laser treatment
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Surgery (in some cases)
Your eye care professional will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your condition.
Why Regular Eye Tests Matter
Because glaucoma often develops without symptoms, regular eye examinations are the best way to detect it early.
Early diagnosis allows for prompt treatment, helping to preserve vision and reduce the risk of permanent damage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can glaucoma cause blindness?
Yes. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. However, early detection and treatment can significantly reduce this risk.
Does glaucoma always cause high eye pressure?
Not always. Some people develop normal-tension glaucoma, where optic nerve damage occurs even with normal eye pressure.
At what age should I be screened for glaucoma?
Most adults should begin regular eye exams by age 40, or earlier if they have risk factors such as family history.
Can glaucoma be cured?
Glaucoma cannot currently be cured, but treatment can slow the progression and protect vision.
How often should I have my eyes checked?
Most adults should have an eye examination every 1–2 years, or more frequently if advised by their optometrist.